Valoración nutricional y su relación con la exposición a disruptores hormonales en población universitaria del sur de España

Résumé

The populations of southern Spain have traditionally followed the Mediterranean Diet model. For some decades now, they have been undergoing a process of Nutritional Transition. The transition from the Mediterranean dietary model to the Western Diet. This implies changes in lifestyles and diets. Industrial foods" lead to increased exposure to unnatural xenobiotics (Endocrine Disruptors). The university population has a series of conditioning factors that make it very suitable for research. Objective: To describe and characterize the nutritional status and the quality of the diet in the university population of the Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, located in the city of Lorca, trying to find out the nutritional habits of the population and to describe the frequency of exposure to hormonal disruptors of food origin. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 662 university students from the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the Lorca Campus. The sample consisted of 662 university students from the Faculty of Social and Health Sciences of the Lorca Campus (University of Murcia) aged 17 to 59 years, 73% of whom were women and 27% men. A questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data, lifestyle habits, physical activity, exposure to polycarbonates, 3R24 h and FFQ. Energy expenditure, body composition, energy and nutrient intake were estimated. Diet quality was assessed using the MDS, MDP, DAS, DQI-I, KIDMED, DAQs and IPC indices. Results: The mean age of the sample was 23.07 years, 75th percentile 24 years. BMI of 22.81 kg/m2, ICC of 0.78, CTI of 0.45, %MG of 24.37, PMG of 15.85 kg. 12.30% were underweight, 63.70% normal weight, 16.40 overweight and 7.60 obese, with differences by sex. The average level of physical activity was 1.62, the average GET was 2507.95 Kcal/day with differences between sexes. The university students usually eat at home, cook, eat in company, take between half an hour and an hour to eat, do not follow diets, buy food, pay attention to quality and price when buying, have knowledge of food, do not control calories, do not take supplements, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, do not take medicines, do not take drugs and do not suffer from stress, are not ill, do not suffer from intolerances. The average energy intake was 1869.67 Kcal/day. The caloric profile of the diet is approximately 38% of energy from lipids, 17% from proteins and 46% from carbohydrates. The mean values obtained for the quality indices were: MDS: 5.13; MDP: 35.71%; DAS: 9.19; DQI-I: 56.26; KIDMED: 6.15; DAQs: 3.12; IPC: 0.88. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between BMI and living alone, eating alone, having been on a low-calorie diet in the last year, having knowledge of food and performing calorie control, having a family history of obesity, and having children. An imbalance appeared in the calorie profile of the diet with an excess of energy from protein and lipids and an insufficient intake of carbohydrates. The adjustment to the recommendations is lower than the RDI for energy, ω-3 ω-6 fatty acids in men, fiber in women and men over 18 years, vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin D and E. In minerals it is lower for Ca, Fe in women, Mg, and K. The quality of the diet was in all cases average, with a higher consumption of meat than fish. Correlations between biometric indices and some quality indices appeared, but were weak. The majority of the population uses plastic food packaging, soft drink cans and canned food. The estimated exposure for the study population is higher than the likely limit to be published in a few months by EFSA.