Estudio nutricional de población mediterránea situada en el sureste español y su relación con patologías asociadas al estado nutricional

Resumen

The diet followed in the Mediterranean area has been characterized by being rich in vegetables, with a significant contribution of olive oil as main fat, moderate intakes of dairy, egg and fish, and low in meats and meat products, along with a consumption moderate and regular wine during meals. This diet ensures a lipid profile with cardioprotective nature, in addition to important intakes of phytonutrients with antioxidant function. The nutritional transition involves both quantitative and qualitative changes in the diet with greater energy density, higher intake of saturated fats together with a decrease in the intake of complex carbohydrates and fiber, and a reduction in the consumption of fruits and vegetables combined with a reduction of physical activity From this perspective, in the decrease of the mediterranean diet (DM), the following research work is approached, in which the habits, customs, cultural level and consumption of products of the land and those habits and foods that interfere in their health are described cause of illness. The diet of this population is evaluated through the 24h recall (R24h) and the frequency of food consumption (FFQ). The quality of the diet has been evaluated through the DM quality indexes, in order to assess the degree of adherence to the DM pattern. The objective is to assess the nutritional status and quality of the diet in the town of Lorca (Murcia). As specific objectives: describe the intake of nutrients through the R24h, know the proper foods of this population through the FFQ, classify the degrees of obesity and their relationship with different life habits, relate dietary habits with pathologies associated with dysfunctions of the thyroid gland, evaluate the quality of the diet through indexes of quality of the diet. Methodology. It has been done through an individual survey designed and validated for this study. Consists of: FFQ, R24h of 3 days, questionnaire on lifestyle and dietary habits and study of body composition. The tools were: Scale-bioimpedance and tallimeter. The data was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS-19.0. The collection and coding of data began in 2010, with the financing of the research projects FMD2010SC0071 of the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Sport of the Junta de Andalucía and OTRI-University of Murcia. REF.17772. Results. General and anthropometric characteristics of the population are shown. The average intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, and the lipid profile have been estimated. Data are presented about the relationship between life and eating habits as well as results of physical activity and food specific to Lorca through the FFQ. The consumption of nutrients from R24h is studied, showing means in the consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and cholesterol, and fiber, both in general estimates and by sex. Normality tests were performed in all cases. All the mentioned parameters are compared with the IRs and their adjustment to the recommendation. The quality of the diet is evaluated through the quality indices of the mediterranean diet: KIDMED, DQI-I, DAS, DAQS and MDS. Data on the earthquake of May 11, 2011 regarding the feeding behavior of the population are shown. Conclusions. Dietary pattern with low intake of cereals, pulses and fiber, in addition to a high intake of protein foods, dairy products and simple sugars. Adequate consumption of olive oil within the DM standards. Imbalance in the caloric and lipid profile. For the quality indexes of the Mediterranean diet figures appear below the means of scoring for KIDMED, DQI-I, DAS and MDS, obtaining high score in the DAQS. Being a woman and being older shows less adherence to the DM pattern. There are statistically significant differences between the intake of certain nutrients and the population affected by the earthquake.